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''Zaporizhzhia'' (U-01) ((ウクライナ語:Запоріжжя)) is a project 641 ("Foxtrot" class) diesel-electric powered submarine, and was the only submarine of the Ukrainian Navy up until her seizure in 2014 by Russian forces during the events of March of that year. She formerly carried the Soviet Navy pennant number B-435. ''Zaporizhzhia'' was designed at the Rubin Design Bureau (Saint Petersburg). Captured by Russian forces on 22 March 2014 (during the 2014 Crimean crisis), most of the Ukrainian personnel, among them the captain of the submarine, had left the vessel, while the others had chosen to begin their service in the Russian Black Sea Fleet with the submarine. ''Zaporizhzhia'' had a crew of 78, commanded by 1st Rank Capt. Oleh Orlov. The submarine was operated by a reserve unit, having not yet returned to front line duty after her 'refurbishment'. Subsequent events in the Crimean Crisis have revealed that the vessel is barely seaworthy and too obsolete for active service of any type. ==History== ''Zaporizhzhia''s keel was laid down in 1970 at the New Admiralty Shipyard in Leningrad.〔 In 1970 she was commissioned into the Soviet Red Banner Northern Fleet,〔 where she conducted 14 patrols, including a port call in Cuba. In 1990 the submarine was transferred to the Soviet Black Sea Fleet,〔 serving there until 1994.〔 In 1995, the submarine's batteries permanently failed and she became abandoned without their replacement. In 1997 unable to fix the unused submarine, the administration of Russian Navy handed it over to the Ukrainian Navy during the partition of the Black Sea Fleet.〔 Like most of the country's naval ships, she was renamed after one of Ukraine's cities — Zaporizhzhia.〔 The city's community began to co-sponsor the ship, especially the accommodational needs of the crew. But it was only in 2003 when Ukrainian government was able to buy a new batteries set abroad and make ''Zaporizhzhia''s survival real. However, she was immediately placed under repair in Sevastopol.〔 In 2005, ''Zaporizhzhia'' was considered for inclusion in the 2006 joint exercise conducted by the Ukrainian Navy and the Italian Navy, but the end of her repair was postponed. Being on a years-long repair, ''Zaporizhzhia'' was an inactive military unit stated Defense Minister Anatoly Hrytsenko in April 2006. In January 2007, (Defense Minister) Hrytsenko stated that Ukraine intended to sell ''Zaporizhzhia''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukraine wants to get rid of its submarine ) 〕 As of July 2010 ''Zaporizhzhia'' was preparing for trials after repairs.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Only submarine of Russian Black Sea Fleet to be repaired by late July ) 〕 All repairs were finished on 17 April 2011.〔 The first trial sail was finished successfully on 18 July 2012. Late June 2013 all long-term maintenance work and tests were completed.〔 〕 On 22 March 2014, it was reported that the submarine had been taken over by Russian forces after being surrounded and harassed by Russian Navy ships, who demanded its surrender.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ukrainian soldiers get Russia's OK to leave Crimea ) 〕 The commander of the ship reportedly agreed to surrender his ship, then started flying the Russian Navy flag. ''Zaporizhzhia'' was placed under Black Sea Fleet control, after Ukrainian symbols were removed from the submarine. Half of the submarine's crew continued to serve in the Russian Navy. On 29 March 2014, the Black Sea Fleet was reported to have refused to add the submarine to its ranks on the grounds that it was obsolete and suffered from a number of technical issues. The Russian Navy then offered to return ''Zaporizhzhia'' to Ukraine to either continue its service or to be recycled as scrap-metal. It was reported the submarine would be transferred from the Streletskaya buhta to Yuzhnaya buhta, where the Russian submarine division is. Later sources in Russian Navy announced that submarine should be returned to Ukrainian Navy. Later (it was reported) Russia decided not to return the submarine to Ukraine. But in mid-May the submarine was scheduled to be returned to Ukraine, where it was likely to become a museum piece. A part of the Ukrainian Navy was then returned to Ukraine but Russia suspended this agreement before returning submarine ''Zaporizhzhia'' because/after Ukraine did not renew its unilaterally declared ceasefire on 1 July 2014 in the War in Donbass. Hence ''Zaporizhzhia'' was not returned to Ukraine. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ukrainian submarine Zaporizhzhia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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